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The vast majority of manganese ore in China belongs to lean ore and must be processed by mineral processing. But because the majority of manganese ore is a fine-grained or micro-fine disseminated, and a considerable number of high-phosphorus ore, high iron ore and total (with) students useful metal, and therefore of great difficulty to the mineral processing. At present, the commonly used manganese ore beneficiation methods are mechanical selection (including washing, sieving, re-election, strong magnetic separation and flotation), as well as fire enrichment and chemical beneficiation.
1. washing and screening
Washing is the use of hydraulic washing or additional mechanical scrubbing to separate the ore from the mud. Commonly used equipment includes washing sieves, cylinder washing machines and tank washing machines.
The washing operation is often accompanied by sieving, such as direct flushing on the vibrating screen or sifting the ore (net ore) obtained by the washing machine to the vibrating screen. Screening can be used as an independent operation to separate products of different sizes and grades for different purposes.
2. To re-elect
At present, re-election is only used to select manganese ore with simple structure and coarse grain size, which is especially suitable for manganese oxide ore with high density. Common methods include heavy medium dressing, jigging and shaker dressing.
At present the process of processing oxide ore, is generally broken ore to 6 ~ 0 mm or 10 ~ 0 mm, and then grouped jigging coarse level and fine-level send shaker election. Most of the equipment is a Haz-type reciprocating jig and a 6 - S shaker.
3. High Intensity Magnetic Separation
Manganese was a weak magnetic minerals [than the susceptibility X = 10 × 10 -6 ~ 600 × 10 - 6 cm 3 / g ], the magnetic field strength Ho = 800 ~ 1600 kA / m (10000 ~ 20000 oe) strong magnetic field It can be recycled in the machine, which can generally increase the manganese grade by 4% to 10%.
Due to the simple operation, easy control and strong adaptability of magnetic separation, it can be used for various manganese ore sorting. In recent years, it has dominated manganese ore dressing. Various new types of coarse, medium and fine grain magnetic machines have been successfully developed. At present, the most common application of manganese ore in China is the medium-grain strong magnetic separator. The coarse-grained and fine-grained magnetic separators are gradually being applied. The micro-grain-strong magnetic separator is still in the experimental stage.
4. Re - Magnetic
At present, the heavy - magnetic separation plants that have been newly built and reconstructed in China include Fujian Liancheng, Guangxi Longtou, Jingxi and Xialei. For example, Liancheng Manganese Mine Heavy - Magnetic Separation Plant mainly treats leaching manganese oxide ore, and uses AM- 30 jig to treat 30~3mm of cleaned ore, which can obtain high-quality manganese concentrate containing more than 40% of manganese. After the removal of impurities, it can be used as a raw material for battery manganese powder. Jigging tailings and less than
5 Magnetic - flotation
At present, only the Zunyi manganese ore is used in the strong magnetic - flotation process. The mine is a low-manganese, low-phosphorus, high-iron manganese ore mainly composed of manganese carbonate ore.
According to industrial tests, the grinding process uses rod grinding - ball milling stage grinding, the equipment scale is φ
6. Fire enrichment
The enrichment of manganese ore is a sorting method for the treatment of high-phosphorus and high-iron difficult-to-select manganese-poor ore. It is generally called manganese-rich slag method. The essence is a high-temperature sorting method for selectively separating manganese, phosphorus and iron by controlling the temperature of manganese, phosphorus and iron in different temperatures in a blast furnace or an electric furnace.
China has adopted the fire law enrichment for nearly 40 years. In 1959, Hunan Shaoyang Zijiang Iron Works
The enrichment process of the fire method is simple and the production is stable, and the iron and phosphorus in the ore can be effectively separated to obtain manganese-rich, low-iron, low-phosphorus manganese-rich slag, and the manganese-rich slag generally contains Mn 35% to 45%. Mn / Fe 12～38, P/Mn <0 . 002, is a high-quality manganese-based alloy raw material, and it is also an artificial rich ore that is difficult to achieve the above three indexes at the same time. Therefore, the enrichment of fire method is a promising method for mineral processing in China for high-phosphorus high-iron and low-manganese refractory ore.
7 chemical method selected from the group of manganese
There are many chemical beneficiations of manganese. A lot of research work has been carried out in China, among which there are many experiments, and the development prospects are: dithionate method, manganese ore method and bacterial immersion method. It has not yet been put into industrial production.
(2) Manganese ore powder building block
The agglomeration method includes three processes of sintering, pelletizing, and ball pressing. At present, the sintering method is mostly used in China. Only when the manganese concentrate or fine ore is very fine, - 200 mesh is more than 80% and the product is not allowed to contain residual carbon, then the pellet or compact is used.
In the early 1950s, China's manganese ore fines were mostly sintered by sintering and soil sintering. With the development of steel production, soil sintering can not meet the requirements, so they have begun to build sintering machines or other efficient building blocks. In 1970, China's first powder manganese ore sintering machine (
The development of agglomeration technology brings greater economic benefits to the smelting of manganese alloys. Taking Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and Steel Plant as an example, increasing the ratio of clinker in the furnace and replacing the hot sinter with cold-burned ore can greatly improve the technical indicators of blast furnace smelting.
(3) Manganese ore smelting
Manganese ore smelting products mainly include high carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, manganese silicon alloy and manganese metal, which are commonly known as manganese alloys or manganese alloys.
High carbon ferromanganese. China mainly uses blast furnace production. In the 1950s, special manufacturers were not formed to produce blast furnace ferromanganese (high-carbon ferromanganese), but some steel plants were self-smelting and self-selling, and the production volume was small. Since 1958, the Xiangtan manganese mine has been built.
The products produced by the electric furnace include carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, manganese silicon alloy and metal manganese. The earliest electric furnace production in China was Jilin Ferroalloy Plant, which was completed and put into operation in 1956. The maximum electric furnace capacity was 12,500 KVA . In the early 1960s, ferroalloy plants such as Hunan, Zunyi and Shanghai were completed and put into production. These plants can produce carbon ferromanganese and medium. Low carbon ferromanganese and manganese silicon alloy; Zunyi Ferroalloy Factory also produces manganese metal by electrothermal method. According to the 1995 National Technical and Economic Indicators for Ferroalloys of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, 11 of the 15 key ferroalloy plants in China produced manganese alloy products in 1994. These key ferroalloy plants have been continuously developed and expanded to make an important contribution to the steel industry.
Since the 1980s, local small and medium-sized ferroalloy enterprises have developed rapidly. According to statistics, local SMEs in the country's total ferroalloy production rose from 1980 to 32.39%, up to 1989, 54.01% by the year 1996 has reached 69.85 percent, the number of enterprises has reached more than 1,000. Most of these SMEs use small electric furnaces of 1800 KVA , with backward equipment and poor product quality.
The equipment used in the production of electric furnace ferromanganese and manganese silicon alloy is basically the same, and all use the ore electric furnace. The capacity of the electric furnace transformer is generally 1800~12500 kVA . Hunan and Zunyi Ferroalloy Plants have introduced 3000 KVA and 31500 KVA manganese silicon electric furnaces from Germany, which have been put into production.
In China, the production of high-carbon ferromanganese in electric furnaces is generally carried out by the flux method. The production of manganese-silicon alloys generally uses a slag-based production process.
The production of medium and low carbon ferromanganese mainly includes three types: electric furnace method, oxygen blowing method and shaking method. The shake method includes the production of medium and low carbon ferromanganese in the shake bag and the production of medium and low carbon ferromanganese by the shake - electric furnace method. The shaker - electric furnace process is relatively advanced, stable in production, and has good technical and economic effects. At present, Shanghai, Zunyi and other ferroalloy factories use this method.
Metal manganese production methods include pyrometallurgical and wet smelting. The smelting of manganese metal by fire method began in 1959 in China. It was successfully produced by Zunyi Ferroalloy Factory for the first time using electric silicon thermal method. It has been exclusively produced so far. The production process adopts a three-step method, the first step is to form manganese-rich slag with manganese ore; the second step is to refine high-silicon-silicon-manganese alloy with manganese-rich slag, the third step is to use manganese-rich slag as raw material, and high-silicon-silicon-manganese is used as reducing agent. And lime as a flux, that is, electric silicon thermal method to make manganese metal. Wet smelting is mainly electrolytic, often called electrolytic manganese. In 1956, China built the first electrolytic manganese production plant from Shanghai 901 Factory. By the early 1990s, there were more than 50 large-scale electrolytic manganese plants, with an annual production capacity of more than 40,000 tons . The production process is roughly divided into three production processes: preparation, electrolysis and post-treatment of manganese sulfate solution. Post-treatment is a series of operations including product purification, water washing, drying, stripping, and packaging after the completion of electrolysis. Ultimately qualified EMM products containing Mn 99. 70% ~ 99. 95%.
Manganese ore beneficiation and processing technology
(A) manganese ore beneficiation 3 mm Washed ore grinding to less than 1 m After the selection by the strong magnetic separator, the manganese concentrate grade should be increased by 24% to 25%, reaching 36% to 40%. 2100 mm × 3000 mm Wet mill. The strong magnetic selection adopts the shp- 2000 type strong magnetic machine, and the flotation machine mainly uses the CHF type inflatable flotation machine. After years of production test, the performance is good, it is very suitable for Zunyi manganese ore dressing application. The strong magnetic - flotation process has been successfully tested and applied in production, which indicates that the deep selection of manganese ore in China has taken a big step forward. 9 . 4 m The test was carried out on 3 small blast furnaces and preliminary results were obtained. Subsequently, in 1962, Shanghai Ferroalloy Plant and Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant smelted manganese-rich slag in the blast furnace. In 1975, Hunan Agateshan manganese ore blast furnace not only produced manganese-rich slag, but also recovered lead , silver and pig iron (commonly known as semi-steel) at the bottom of the furnace, providing a basis for comprehensive utilization. After entering the 1980s, the production of manganese-rich slag has developed rapidly. The production of manganese-rich slag has been developed in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Liaoning, and Jilin. 18 m 2 ) The Xiangtan Manganese Mine was completed and put into operation. In 1972, Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and Steel Plant was built again. 24 m 2 sintering machine, 1977, China's first manganese concentrate pellet equipment 80 m 2 belt roasting machine was completed and put into operation in Zunyi manganese mine. In the 1980s, Xiangtan Manganese Mine, Bayi Manganese Mine and Xiangxiang Ferroalloy Plant successively built 18-24 m 2 sintering machines, and Shanghai Ferroalloy Plant introduced pressure ball equipment as a powder ore block. 6 . 5 m 3 , 33 m 3 blast furnace specializing in ferromanganese, after the 1960s, Xinyu, Yangquan, Maanshan No. 3 Plant, and Heavy Steel No. 4 Plant converted to blast furnace ferromanganese. In the 1980s, blast furnace ferromanganese developed faster. Blast furnace ferromanganese production increased from 200,000 in 1981 to 400,000 t in 1995, t.