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In 2020, China's comprehensive utilization rate of straw will reach more than 85%
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] "Is everyone's impression that the straw is still burning? Actually, with the introduction of the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law", the relevant departments will conduct satellite monitoring on straw burning. Let us first look at a set of data:
Satellite monitoring of straw burning in various locations in May
On June 10th, the website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection released information on the burning of straw fire spots in various places monitored by the National Environmental Satellite and Meteorological Satellite in May.
From May 1st to May 31st, the environmental satellites monitored a total of 210 burned straw fire spots across the country (excluding fire point information under cloud cover), including 124 in Heilongjiang, 22 in Inner Mongolia, 22 in Xinjiang, and 19 in Jilin. There are 7 places in Henan, 5 in Hebei, 5 in Hebei, 5 in Liaoning, 2 in Hubei, 1 in Shanxi, Yunnan, Gansu and Anhui, and 0 in Shandong and other provinces and autonomous regions. In May, meteorological satellites detected a total of 22 burning points. There are 17 places in Heilongjiang, 1 in Yunnan, Guangdong, Henan, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, and 0 in Zhejiang and other provinces and autonomous regions.
In 2020, China's comprehensive utilization rate of straw will reach more than 85%
Today, Mouyuan Jun was invited to participate in the summer wheat straw comprehensive utilization on-site exchange meeting held by the Ministry of Agriculture Science and Technology Development Center and the Department of Science and Technology Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Department of Agricultural Mechanization in Lanling County, Shandong Province. Let us first look at a section of straw storage and storage. Live video of field operations and biomass power generation (not added).
"Five troubles" in the comprehensive utilization of straw
For a long time, the state has attached great importance to the scientific and technological research and development of comprehensive utilization of straw, and has formed key technologies such as straw cultivation of edible fungi, briquette fuel, biodiesel, and feed lignin degradation. The Ministry of Agriculture has set up a public welfare industry research project such as “Crop Straw Returning Technologyâ€, and has set up a straw utilization post scientist in the agricultural modern industrial technology system to carry out technology for new problems and new needs such as straw returning to fields and leaving fields. R&D and transformation and upgrading; the Ministry of Science and Technology has established special research projects on agricultural surface sources and integrated prevention and restoration technologies for heavy metal contaminated farmland, and carried out research on the production, transformation and prevention of agricultural organic waste. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation have further incorporated pre-treatment technologies such as crop straw crushing and sorting into the “High-tech Fields Supported by the State (2016)†and increased policy support for technology-based enterprises. Sichuan Province has organized and implemented seven major projects, such as the integration of key technologies for straw returning to the field and the new model of economic planting, straw processing technology and machine tool research and development, to promote the development of the province's straw industry. Henan Province has carried out technical research on straw ethanol and straw biofuels, which has shown good prospects for the high value-added utilization of straw.
At the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in China reached 80.1%, and the proportion of agricultural use reached 66%, including 43.2% of fertilizer utilization rate, 18.8% of feed utilization rate, and 4.0% of base material utilization rate.
In 2016, the state financed a total of 10 billion yuan, and piloted comprehensive utilization of straw in 10 provinces: Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, and Henan. “In the beginning of 2017, we looked at the performance evaluation results of 10 pilot provinces. The pilot work in Jiangsu, Anhui and Shandong was more prominent, and the overall score was ranked in the top three.†Liu Yan, inspector of the Science and Technology Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, at the comprehensive utilization of wheat straw It was pointed out at the exchange meeting.
Although China's comprehensive utilization of straw has made great progress, there are still many weak links and many problems and challenges.
First, the cost of returning to the field is high. According to the investigation of some provinces by the Ministry of Agriculture, the cost of returning wheat to the wheat-maize rotation area in the Huang-Huai-Hai area is increased by 76-88 yuan/mu; the rice-wheat cropping area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is increased by nearly 60 yuan/mu; and the double-season rice area in South China is per acre. The cost increase is also about 50 yuan; at the same time, some large-horsepower tractors have serious gaps, which greatly limits the enthusiasm of farmers to return to the field.
Second, the cost of leaving the field is large. According to the survey conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the cost of straw stalking is about 60-120 yuan per mu, which is roughly equivalent to 15%-30% of the net income of single-season crops. Without special subsidies, The farmers are unbearable.
Third, the technical support is weak. The standard of straw returning to the field is not standardized. In some places, there is a phenomenon of relying on feeling and relying on experience. The domestic straw baling small machinery is basically mature, large machinery relies on imports, and there is no domestic high-power machinery with low cost, long life and urgent market demand. Straw processing technology is also relatively backward.
Fourth, the support policy is not perfect. The current straw comprehensive utilization policy is mostly set up for a certain link, lacking systematic support for the whole industrial chain, and it is urgent to form a systematic supporting policy system in terms of subsidies for straw returning, storage, transportation, processing and utilization. Some land use, electricity use, and fiscal and taxation policies have been introduced, and there are still difficulties in implementing them in various places, which has affected the development and utilization of social capital investment straw.
Fifth, the system of receiving, storage and transportation is not perfect. At present, the service system of receiving, storage and transportation is still in its infancy, and the development of service organizations such as brokers and cooperatives is lagging behind. There are still some shortcomings in socialization, specialization and marketization, and infrastructure construction cannot keep up, which makes it difficult to leave the field. "The phenomenon of stalks are difficult to collect, difficult to collect, and difficult to store."
The wheat harvest in Huanghuaihai is imminent, and the government, industry, and research jointly develop
In the key technical research projects of “Agricultural Non-point Source and Heavy Metal Contaminated Farmland Integrated Control and Remediation Technology R&Dâ€, “Nitrogen Leaching Control Technology and Product Development in Wheat and Maize Main Production Areasâ€, “Agricultural Waste Anaerobic Fermentation and Recycling†The complete set of technology and equipment research and development are related to the comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste such as straw, in order to better deploy the key special projects, and it is currently in the wheat harvest period of Huanghuaihai, as the central financial science and technology plan project management. Professional institutions, the Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Department of Science and Technology Education of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Department of Agricultural Mechanization, held a live exchange meeting on summer wheat straw comprehensive utilization in Lanling County, Shandong Province on June 12.
At the exchange meeting, the Ministry of Finance sent representatives to observe the scene, invited Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other eight provinces and municipal agricultural departments, "agricultural non-point source and heavy metal pollution farmland integrated prevention and restoration technology research and development" Experts from key special projects and agricultural modern industrial technology systems participated. Organize the government, industry, industry, research and development to promote the comprehensive utilization of wheat straw, study and deploy the next key work of comprehensive utilization of straw, and continuously improve the support capacity of agricultural green development.
The comprehensive utilization rate of straw will reach more than 85% in 2020, and it is imperative to implement the concept of green development.
Liu Yan pointed out in the seminar that to promote the comprehensive utilization of straw, we must implement the concept of green development, adhere to local conditions, priority for agriculture, local proximity, government guidance, market operation, and scientific and technological support, and connect with the creation of “five districts and one parkâ€. Strengthen pilot demonstrations, improve support policies, broaden channels of use, innovate working methods, improve the linkage mechanism between government, enterprises and farmers, and continuously improve the comprehensive utilization level of straw, ensuring that the comprehensive utilization rate of straw will reach 85% or more by 2020, open burning The phenomenon is significantly reduced.
In order to achieve the goal of achieving a comprehensive utilization rate of straw of 85% in 2020, Liu Yan put forward several new requirements at the seminar.
The first is to improve the supporting policies. All localities should implement the green-ecological-oriented agricultural subsidy system reform plan of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture; further strengthen the support for straw returning, storage, transportation, processing and utilization, etc., in conjunction with local actual conditions, and build system support. The policy system; to improve the subsidy standards for agricultural machinery purchases, especially for the return to the field, the baling machinery that is needed for the comprehensive utilization of straw, should be supplemented.
The second is to strengthen the cultivation of the main body. All localities should consciously cultivate a group of main teams that match the amount and demand of local straw resources to improve their equipment and technical capabilities.
The third is to strengthen the promotion of the model. All localities can learn from the "Ten Agriculture Models for Straw Farming" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2017 and the "Technical Guidelines for the Comprehensive Treatment and Utilization of Regional Crop Straws" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture's Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station to strengthen the research and development and promotion of technology in agricultural machinery. Establish a targeted technical system in terms of agronomy, utilization of “five materials†and construction of service systems.
The fourth is to strengthen the demonstration of the role. In 2017, the pilot project of comprehensive utilization of straw will be carried out in 9 provinces, and Shaanxi Province and Sichuan Province will be included in the pilot scope. In this year's pilot work, all localities should continue to increase the integration of agriculture-related projects and funds, focus on the key areas of the “five districts and one parkâ€, focus on the county, focus on breakthroughs, and ensure the “five districts and one park†first. To achieve the standard to create a regional representative of the comprehensive utilization of straw demonstration model.