Abstract This article provides an overview of the development of large-scale vertical diagonal flow pumps in China, highlighting the structural types currently used, existing challenges, and future trends in this field.
Keywords vertical ramp pump, performance, model, structure, trend
I. Introduction
Vane pumps can be classified based on the direction of fluid exiting the impeller. These include centrifugal pumps (runoff pumps), mixed (diagonal) flow pumps, and axial flow pumps. Among them, a mixed flow pump that uses a space guide vane is commonly referred to as a diagonal flow pump. The historical development of vane pumps followed a general path: starting with centrifugal pumps, then axial flow pumps, and finally mixed flow pumps.
The first known vane pump in history was a wooden drainage centrifugal pump used by the Portuguese in the 5th century AD at the Santo Domingo copper mine. It was discovered in 1772 and is now housed in the National Museum of Paris, France. This early pump featured double-curved blades. The first modern pump designed for lifting liquids was developed by the French physicist Papan in 1705. In 1785, Ding Kesi filed a patent for a new pump, which became the prototype of the axial flow pump.
The term "mixed flow pump" gained clarity in 1918 when Grinney published a book titled “Water Pump,†featuring a diagram of a spiral impeller, leading to the common name “spiral pump.†However, this is a misnomer. According to historical records, by 1907, due to the need for low-lift pumps, mixed flow pumps had already begun replacing centrifugal pumps in many industrialized countries, with mass production underway.
Typically, vane pumps operating within a speed range of 300 to 500 are classified as mixed flow pumps. Some applications overlap with both centrifugal and axial flow pumps. These pumps can achieve single-stage lifts up to 60 meters, with flow rates ranging from 20 m³/h to the maximum capacity of vane pumps. Their design and specific speed play a critical role in determining performance.
II. R&D and Production Status of Large-Scale Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
1. Typical Structural Types of Large Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
2. Axial Thrust Bearings in Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
3. Bearing Issues in Large Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
4. Additional Protective Measures Against Corrosion in Seawater Pumps
III. Development Trends and Existing Challenges
1. Research and Development of Hydraulic Models
2. Study of Inlet Flow Characteristics
3. Development of Large Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
4. Promotion of VVVF Flow Regulation Methods
5. Further Research into Design Methods and Related Disciplines
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