Abstract This paper provides an overview of the development process of large-scale vertical diagonal flow pumps in China, the structural types commonly used, current challenges, and future trends in this field. It highlights the evolution of pump technology and the importance of continuous innovation to meet modern industrial demands.
Keywords vertical ramp pump, performance model, structure, trend
I. Introduction
Vane pumps are classified based on the direction of fluid exiting the impeller. They can be categorized as centrifugal pumps (runoff pumps), mixed (diagonal) flow pumps, or axial flow pumps. Among these, a mixed flow pump that includes a space guide vane is typically referred to as a diagonal flow pump. The historical development of vane pumps has followed a path from centrifugal pumps to axial flow pumps, and finally to mixed flow pumps.
The earliest known vane pump was a wooden drainage centrifugal pump used by the Portuguese in the 5th century AD at the Santo Domingo copper mine. This early device was discovered in 1772 and is now displayed in the National Museum of Paris, France. The impeller of this pump featured double-curved blades. Later, in 1705, the French physicist Papan developed the first modern pump designed for lifting liquids. In 1785, Ding Kesi patented a new type of pump, which became the prototype of the axial flow pump.
The term "mixed flow pump" gained clarity in 1918 when Grinney mentioned it in his book "Water Pump," where he illustrated a spiral impeller pump. This led to the common but misleading name "spiral pump." However, according to historical records, mixed flow pumps were already being developed and used in various industrialized countries as early as 1907, particularly for low-lift pumping applications. At that time, centrifugal pumps were gradually being replaced by mixed flow and axial flow pumps in mass production.
Typically, vane pumps with rotational speeds ranging from 300 to 500 revolutions per minute are classified as mixed flow pumps. These pumps often overlap in application with both centrifugal and axial flow pumps. Their single-stage head can reach up to 60 meters, and their flow rate ranges from 20 m³/h to the maximum capacity of vane pumps. The relationship between pump types and specific speed is also an important consideration in their design and selection.
II. R&D and Production Status of Large-Scale Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
1. Typical Structural Types of Large Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
2. Axial Thrust Bearings in Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
3. Bearing Issues in Large Vertical Diagonal Flow Pumps
4. Additional Protective Measures for Seawater Pumps Against Corrosion
III. Development Trends and Existing Challenges
1. Research and Development of Hydraulic Models
2. Study of Inlet Flow Characteristics
3. Advancement in Large Vertical Diagonal Flow Pump Technology
4. Promotion of VVVF Flow Regulation Methods
5. Further Research into Design Methods and Related Disciplines
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